{ "name": "jalur-kerja-luar-negeri", "title": { "id": "Perbandingan jalur resmi kerja ke luar negeri", "en": "Comparison of legal routes to work abroad" }, "description": { "id": "Satu baris per jalur resmi kerja ke luar negeri yang terverifikasi dalam 120 hari terakhir: negara, jenis pekerjaan, tes bahasa, visa, aturan biaya penempatan, status per tanggal verifikasi, dan sumber per baris.", "en": "One row per legal route to work abroad verified in the last 120 days: country, job types, language tests, visa, the placement-cost rule, status as of the verification date, and sources for every row." }, "apiVersion": "v1", "license": { "id": "CC-BY-4.0", "title": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "note": { "id": "Lisensi CC BY 4.0 berlaku untuk kompilasi KarirAman. Setiap baris mencantumkan penerbit aslinya; sebutkan KarirAman dan penerbit asli saat memakai data ini.", "en": "CC BY 4.0 applies to the KarirAman compilation. Every row names its original publisher; credit both KarirAman and the original publisher when you use this data." } }, "publisher": { "name": "KarirAman", "url": "https://kariraman.com/", "email": "halo@kariraman.com", "parentOrganization": { "name": "Kode Nirlaba", "url": "https://kodenirlaba.org/" } }, "dateModified": "2026-10-08", "rowCount": 36, "pages": { "id": "https://kariraman.com/kerja-luar-negeri/bandingkan/", "en": "https://kariraman.com/en/work-abroad/compare/" }, "distributions": { "json": "https://kariraman.com/api/v1/abroad-routes.json", "csv": "https://kariraman.com/data/jalur-kerja-luar-negeri.csv" }, "fields": [ { "name": "id", "type": "string", "description": { "id": "Id baris: kunci negara tujuan dan slug jalur (jangkar di halaman perbandingan).", "en": "Row id: destination key and the route slug (the anchor on the comparison page)." } }, { "name": "destination", "type": "string", "description": { "id": "Kunci negara tujuan.", "en": "Destination key." } }, { "name": "country", "type": "string", "description": { "id": "Kode negara ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 (ZZ untuk kawasan).", "en": "ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code (ZZ for a region)." } }, { "name": "route_name_id", "type": "string", "description": { "id": "Nama jalur (bahasa Indonesia).", "en": "Route name (Indonesian)." } }, { "name": "route_name_en", "type": "string", "description": { "id": "Nama jalur (bahasa Inggris).", "en": "Route name (English)." } }, { "name": "official_name", "type": "string", "description": { "id": "Nama resmi skema dalam bahasa negara tujuan.", "en": "Official scheme name in the destination language." } }, { "name": "official_url", "type": "string", "description": { "id": "Halaman resmi skema.", "en": "Official page of the scheme." } }, { "name": "status", "type": "string", "description": { "id": "open, ballot, paused, suspended, closed, moratorium, atau not_eligible_for_id.", "en": "open, ballot, paused, suspended, closed, moratorium or not_eligible_for_id." } }, { "name": "status_since", "type": "date", "description": { "id": "Tanggal status berlaku, bila diketahui.", "en": "Date the status took effect, when known." } }, { "name": "last_verified", "type": "date", "description": { "id": "Tanggal jalur terakhir diperiksa.", "en": "Date the route was last checked." } }, { "name": "id_channels", "type": "array", "description": { "id": "Jalur penempatan dari Indonesia.", "en": "Placement channels from Indonesia." } }, { "name": "cost_rule", "type": "string", "description": { "id": "Siapa yang membayar biaya penempatan: p3mi_employer, self_funded, g2g_announced, atau no_channel.", "en": "Who pays placement costs: p3mi_employer, self_funded, g2g_announced or no_channel." } }, { "name": "age_min", "type": "integer", "description": { "id": "Usia minimal, bila disebutkan.", "en": "Minimum age, when stated." } }, { "name": "age_max", "type": "integer", "description": { "id": "Usia maksimal, bila disebutkan.", "en": "Maximum age, when stated." } }, { "name": "language_tests", "type": "array", "description": { "id": "Tes bahasa dan level yang diminta.", "en": "Language tests and required level." } }, { "name": "visa_name", "type": "string", "description": { "id": "Nama resmi visa atau izin.", "en": "Official visa or permit name." } }, { "name": "job_types", "type": "array", "description": { "id": "Jenis pekerjaan yang dicakup jalur.", "en": "Job types the route covers." } }, { "name": "pay_floor_ids", "type": "array", "description": { "id": "Id batas upah resmi (lihat dataset upah minimum luar negeri).", "en": "Ids of the statutory pay floors (see the pay-abroad dataset)." } }, { "name": "best_for_id", "type": "string", "description": { "id": "Catatan editor \"Cocok untuk\" (bahasa Indonesia), bukan syarat resmi.", "en": "Editorial \"Cocok untuk\" note (Indonesian), not an official requirement." } }, { "name": "best_for_en", "type": "string", "description": { "id": "Catatan editor \"Best for\" (bahasa Inggris), bukan syarat resmi.", "en": "Editorial \"Best for\" note (English), not an official requirement." } }, { "name": "page_url_id", "type": "string", "description": { "id": "Halaman jalur KarirAman (bahasa Indonesia).", "en": "KarirAman route page (Indonesian)." } }, { "name": "page_url_en", "type": "string", "description": { "id": "Halaman jalur KarirAman (bahasa Inggris).", "en": "KarirAman route page (English)." } }, { "name": "source_ids", "type": "array", "description": { "id": "Id sumber untuk baris ini (lihat daftar sumber).", "en": "Ids of the sources behind this row (see the sources list)." } }, { "name": "source_urls", "type": "array", "description": { "id": "URL sumber tersebut, dalam urutan yang sama.", "en": "URLs of those sources, in the same order." } }, { "name": "source_publishers", "type": "array", "description": { "id": "Penerbit asli sumber tersebut, dalam urutan yang sama.", "en": "Original publishers of those sources, in the same order." } } ], "rows": [ { "id": "arab-saudi-sektor-formal", "destination": "arab-saudi", "country": "SA", "route_name_id": "pekerjaan formal pada pemberi kerja berbadan hukum", "route_name_en": "Formal work for legal-entity employers", "official_name": "Penempatan PMI pada pemberi kerja berbadan hukum oleh P3MI", "official_url": "https://siskop2mi.bp2mi.go.id/lowongan/list", "status": "open", "status_since": null, "last_verified": "2026-10-07", "id_channels": [ "p3mi", "perseorangan" ], "cost_rule": "p3mi_employer", "age_min": 18, "age_max": null, "language_tests": [], "visa_name": null, "job_types": [ "Pekerjaan formal pada perusahaan, hotel, rumah sakit, atau proyek berbadan hukum sesuai job order di SISKOP2MI" ], "pay_floor_ids": [], "best_for_id": "Tenaga terampil untuk perusahaan, hotel atau rumah sakit di Arab Saudi, termasuk tenaga kesehatan", "best_for_en": "Skilled workers for companies, hotels or hospitals in Saudi Arabia, including health workers", "page_url_id": "https://kariraman.com/kerja-luar-negeri/arab-saudi/sektor-formal/", "page_url_en": "https://kariraman.com/en/work-abroad/saudi-arabia/formal-sector/", "source_ids": [ "kepmenaker-260-2015-moratorium-timteng" ], "source_urls": [ "https://jdih.kemnaker.go.id/asset/data_puu/KEPMEN_260_TAHUN_2015.PDF" ], "source_publishers": [ "JDIH Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan" ] }, { "id": "australia-skills-in-demand-482", "destination": "australia", "country": "AU", "route_name_id": "Skills in Demand visa (subclass 482)", "route_name_en": "Skills in Demand visa (subclass 482)", "official_name": "Skills in Demand visa (subclass 482)", "official_url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/skills-in-demand-visa-subclass-482", "status": "open", "status_since": null, "last_verified": "2026-10-07", "id_channels": [ "perseorangan" ], "cost_rule": "self_funded", "age_min": null, "age_max": null, "language_tests": [], "visa_name": "Skills in Demand visa (subclass 482)", "job_types": [ "Jalur Core Skills: pekerjaan terampil dengan gaji minimal sesuai Core Skills Income Threshold", "Jalur Specialist Skills: pekerjaan dengan gaji di atas Specialist Skills Income Threshold", "Jalur Labour Agreement" ], "pay_floor_ids": [ "au-csit-2026", "au-ssit-2026" ], "best_for_id": "Tenaga ahli berpengalaman yang sudah punya tawaran kerja dari pemberi kerja sponsor di Australia", "best_for_en": "Experienced skilled workers with a job offer from a sponsoring employer in Australia", "page_url_id": "https://kariraman.com/kerja-luar-negeri/australia/skills-in-demand-482/", "page_url_en": "https://kariraman.com/en/work-abroad/australia/skills-in-demand-visa-482/", "source_ids": [ "au-homeaffairs-salary-requirements-2026" ], "source_urls": [ "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/employing-and-sponsoring-someone/sponsoring-workers/nominating-a-position/salary-requirements" ], "source_publishers": [ "Department of Home Affairs, Australia" ] }, { "id": "australia-work-and-holiday-462", "destination": "australia", "country": "AU", "route_name_id": "Work and Holiday visa (subclass 462)", "route_name_en": "Work and Holiday visa (subclass 462)", "official_name": "Work and Holiday visa (subclass 462)", "official_url": "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/work-holiday-462/first-work-holiday-462", "status": "ballot", "status_since": null, "last_verified": "2026-10-08", "id_channels": [ "perseorangan" ], "cost_rule": "self_funded", "age_min": 18, "age_max": 30, "language_tests": [ "Tes bahasa Inggris yang diterima Australia untuk English fungsional: Fungsional (functional English)" ], "visa_name": "Work and Holiday visa (subclass 462)", "job_types": [ "Pekerjaan sementara atau kasual selama berlibur, umumnya untuk masa tinggal 12 bulan" ], "pay_floor_ids": [ "au-nmw-2026" ], "best_for_id": "Lulusan atau mahasiswa perguruan tinggi yang ingin berlibur sambil bekerja sementara di Australia", "best_for_en": "Graduates or university students who want a working holiday in Australia", "page_url_id": "https://kariraman.com/kerja-luar-negeri/australia/work-and-holiday-462/", "page_url_en": "https://kariraman.com/en/work-abroad/australia/work-and-holiday-visa-462/", "source_ids": [ "au-homeaffairs-whm-country-caps", "au-fwc-national-minimum-wage-order-2026" ], "source_urls": [ "https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/what-we-do/whm-program/status-of-country-caps", "https://www.fwc.gov.au/documents/awardsandorders/pdf/pr799279.pdf" ], "source_publishers": [ "Department of Home Affairs, Australia", "Fair Work Commission" ] }, { "id": "belanda-kennismigrant", "destination": "belanda", "country": "NL", "route_name_id": "Kennismigrant (pekerja berkeahlian tinggi)", "route_name_en": "Highly skilled migrant (kennismigrant)", "official_name": "Kennismigrant", "official_url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/highly-skilled-migrant", "status": "open", "status_since": null, "last_verified": "2026-10-07", "id_channels": [ "perseorangan" ], "cost_rule": "self_funded", "age_min": null, "age_max": null, "language_tests": [], "visa_name": "Residence permit highly skilled migrant", "job_types": [ "Pekerjaan berkeahlian tinggi pada pemberi kerja yang diakui IND" ], "pay_floor_ids": [ "nl-kennismigrant-30-2026", "nl-kennismigrant-bawah-30-2026", "nl-kennismigrant-reduced-2026", "nl-blue-card-2026", "nl-blue-card-reduced-2026" ], "best_for_id": "Profesional berkeahlian tinggi dengan tawaran kerja dari pemberi kerja yang diakui IND", "best_for_en": "Highly skilled professionals with a job offer from an IND-recognised employer", "page_url_id": "https://kariraman.com/kerja-luar-negeri/belanda/kennismigrant/", "page_url_en": "https://kariraman.com/en/work-abroad/netherlands/highly-skilled-migrant/", "source_ids": [ "ind-required-amounts-2026" ], "source_urls": [ "https://ind.nl/en/required-amounts-income-requirements" ], "source_publishers": [ "Immigratie- en Naturalisatiedienst (IND)" ] }, { "id": "brunei-sektor-formal", "destination": "brunei", "country": "BN", "route_name_id": "pekerja formal lewat P3MI dengan lisensi pekerja asing milik pemberi kerja", "route_name_en": "formal jobs through a P3MI with the employer's foreign worker licence", "official_name": "Foreign Worker License (LPA)", "official_url": "https://www.business.gov.bn/employing-workers/", "status": "open", "status_since": null, "last_verified": "2026-10-08", "id_channels": [ "p3mi" ], "cost_rule": "p3mi_employer", "age_min": 18, "age_max": null, "language_tests": [], "visa_name": "Foreign Worker Visa", "job_types": [ "Pekerja umum (general worker) di sektor jasa dan konstruksi", "Jasa makanan dan minuman: juru masak, asisten juru masak, barista, pembuat minuman, dan pembuat roti", "Perawatan kecantikan (beautician)" ], "pay_floor_ids": [], "best_for_id": "Pekerja jasa makanan, minuman, roti, kecantikan, atau pekerjaan umum yang direkrut lewat P3MI ke Brunei", "best_for_en": "Food, drink, bakery, beauty or general workers recruited through a P3MI for jobs in Brunei", "page_url_id": "https://kariraman.com/kerja-luar-negeri/brunei/sektor-formal/", "page_url_en": "https://kariraman.com/en/work-abroad/brunei/formal-sector/", "source_ids": [ "np-siskop2mi-job-order-brunei" ], "source_urls": [ "https://siskop2mi.bp2mi.go.id/lowongan/list" ], "source_publishers": [ "KP2MI (SISKOP2MI)" ] }, { "id": "hong-kong-pekerja-rumah-tangga-asing", "destination": "hong-kong", "country": "HK", "route_name_id": "pekerja rumah tangga asing (foreign domestic helper)", "route_name_en": "Foreign domestic helper", "official_name": "新聘外籍家庭傭工的入境簽證", "official_url": "https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/visas/foreign_domestic_helpers.html", "status": "open", "status_since": null, "last_verified": "2026-10-07", "id_channels": [ "p3mi" ], "cost_rule": "p3mi_employer", "age_min": 18, "age_max": null, "language_tests": [], "visa_name": "Entry Visa for New Foreign Domestic Helper", "job_types": [ "Pekerja rumah tangga, sesuai jadwal tugas rumah tangga yang dilampirkan pada kontrak ID 407" ], "pay_floor_ids": [ "hk-fdh-maw-2026", "hk-fdh-food-allowance-2026" ], "best_for_id": "Pekerja rumah tangga berpengalaman yang siap tinggal di rumah majikan di Hong Kong", "best_for_en": "Experienced domestic workers ready to live in their employer's home in Hong Kong", "page_url_id": "https://kariraman.com/kerja-luar-negeri/hong-kong/pekerja-rumah-tangga-asing/", "page_url_en": "https://kariraman.com/en/work-abroad/hong-kong/foreign-domestic-helper/", "source_ids": [ "hk-gia-maw-fdh-2026-10-02", "hk-labour-fdh-faq" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202610/02/P2026100200396.htm", "https://www.fdh.labour.gov.hk/en/faq.html" ], "source_publishers": [ "Hong Kong SAR Government (Information Services Department press release)", "Labour Department, Hong Kong SAR Government" ] }, { "id": "inggris-health-and-care-worker", "destination": "inggris", "country": "GB", "route_name_id": "Health and Care Worker visa untuk perawat dan tenaga kesehatan", "route_name_en": "Health and Care Worker visa for nurses and health professionals", "official_name": "Health and Care Worker visa", "official_url": "https://www.gov.uk/health-care-worker-visa", "status": "open", "status_since": null, "last_verified": "2026-10-07", "id_channels": [ "perseorangan", "p3mi" ], "cost_rule": "p3mi_employer", "age_min": null, "age_max": null, "language_tests": [ "Secure English Language Test (SELT), atau asesmen bahasa yang diterima NMC: Minimal B2 untuk pelamar baru" ], "visa_name": "Health and Care Worker visa", "job_types": [ "Perawat terdaftar (occupation code 2231 sampai 2237)", "Bidan, dokter, apoteker dan tenaga kesehatan lain dalam daftar resmi" ], "pay_floor_ids": [ "uk-nlw-2026" ], "best_for_id": "Perawat dan tenaga kesehatan terdaftar dengan tawaran kerja dari pemberi kerja sponsor di Inggris", "best_for_en": "Registered nurses and health professionals with a job offer from a UK sponsor", "page_url_id": "https://kariraman.com/kerja-luar-negeri/inggris/health-and-care-worker/", "page_url_en": "https://kariraman.com/en/work-abroad/united-kingdom/health-and-care-worker-visa/", "source_ids": [ "govuk-hcw-overview-biaya", "govuk-national-minimum-wage-rates-2026" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.gov.uk/health-care-worker-visa", "https://www.gov.uk/national-minimum-wage-rates" ], "source_publishers": [ "UK Visas and Immigration (GOV.UK)", "HM Government (GOV.UK)" ] }, { "id": "inggris-seasonal-worker", "destination": "inggris", "country": "GB", "route_name_id": "Seasonal Worker visa (kerja musiman)", "route_name_en": "Seasonal Worker visa", "official_name": "Seasonal Worker visa", "official_url": "https://www.gov.uk/seasonal-worker-visa", "status": "open", "status_since": null, "last_verified": "2026-10-07", "id_channels": [ "perseorangan", "p3mi" ], "cost_rule": "p3mi_employer", "age_min": 18, "age_max": null, "language_tests": [], "visa_name": "Seasonal Worker visa", "job_types": [ "Hortikultura: menanam, memetik dan mengemas buah, sayur atau bunga", "Peternakan unggas (2 Oktober sampai 31 Desember)" ], "pay_floor_ids": [ "uk-nlw-2026" ], "best_for_id": "Pekerja kebun atau panen yang mencari kerja musiman singkat di pertanian Inggris", "best_for_en": "Farm and harvest workers looking for short seasonal work on UK farms", "page_url_id": "https://kariraman.com/kerja-luar-negeri/inggris/seasonal-worker/", "page_url_en": "https://kariraman.com/en/work-abroad/united-kingdom/seasonal-worker-visa/", "source_ids": [ "govuk-seasonal-worker-visa", "govuk-national-minimum-wage-rates-2026" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.gov.uk/seasonal-worker-visa", "https://www.gov.uk/national-minimum-wage-rates" ], "source_publishers": [ "UK Visas and Immigration (GOV.UK)", "HM Government (GOV.UK)" ] }, { "id": "inggris-care-worker", "destination": "inggris", "country": "GB", "route_name_id": "Visa care worker dan senior care worker", "route_name_en": "Care worker and senior care worker visa", "official_name": "Health and Care Worker visa (care worker 6135, senior care worker 6136)", "official_url": "https://www.gov.uk/health-care-worker-visa/your-job", "status": "closed", "status_since": "2025-07-22", "last_verified": "2026-10-07", "id_channels": [], "cost_rule": "no_channel", "age_min": null, "age_max": null, "language_tests": [], "visa_name": null, "job_types": [ "Care worker dan home carer (occupation code 6135)", "Senior care worker (occupation code 6136)" ], "pay_floor_ids": [], "best_for_id": "Bukan untuk pelamar baru dari Indonesia: jalur ini sudah ditutup, halaman ini menjelaskan faktanya", "best_for_en": "Not for new applicants from Indonesia: this route is closed, and this page explains the facts", "page_url_id": "https://kariraman.com/kerja-luar-negeri/inggris/care-worker/", "page_url_en": "https://kariraman.com/en/work-abroad/united-kingdom/care-workers/", "source_ids": [ "govuk-care-jobs-from-abroad-part-1" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/applying-for-health-and-social-care-jobs-in-the-uk-from-abroad/part-1-applying-for-health-and-social-care-jobs-in-the-uk-from-abroad" ], "source_publishers": [ "Department of Health and Social Care (GOV.UK)" ] }, { "id": "inggris-skilled-worker", "destination": "inggris", "country": "GB", "route_name_id": "Visa Skilled Worker (pekerja terampil)", "route_name_en": "Skilled Worker visa", "official_name": "Skilled Worker visa", "official_url": "https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa", "status": "open", "status_since": null, "last_verified": "2026-10-07", "id_channels": [ "perseorangan" ], "cost_rule": "self_funded", "age_min": null, "age_max": null, "language_tests": [ "Secure English Language Test (SELT) dari penyedia yang disetujui: Minimal B2 untuk pelamar baru" ], "visa_name": "Skilled Worker visa", "job_types": [ "Pekerjaan dengan occupation code yang memenuhi syarat, umumnya setingkat RQF 6, atau yang tercantum di immigration salary list atau temporary shortage list" ], "pay_floor_ids": [ "uk-sw-umum-2025", "uk-sw-rendah-2025" ], "best_for_id": "Tenaga terampil dengan tawaran kerja dari pemberi kerja yang disetujui Home Office", "best_for_en": "Skilled workers with a job offer from a Home Office approved employer", "page_url_id": "https://kariraman.com/kerja-luar-negeri/inggris/skilled-worker/", "page_url_en": "https://kariraman.com/en/work-abroad/united-kingdom/skilled-worker-visa/", "source_ids": [ "govuk-hc-997-statement-2025", "govuk-skilled-worker-gaji" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/statement-of-changes-to-the-immigration-rules-hc-997-1-july-2025", "https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa/your-job" ], "source_publishers": [ "Home Office (GOV.UK)", "UK Visas and Immigration (GOV.UK)" ] }, { "id": "jepang-pemagangan-teknis-titp", "destination": "jepang", "country": "JP", "route_name_id": "Pemagangan teknis Jepang (Technical Intern Training, TITP)", "route_name_en": "Technical Intern Training (TITP)", "official_name": "技能実習", "official_url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/titp/nyuukokukanri05_00014.html", "status": "open", "status_since": null, "last_verified": "2026-10-07", "id_channels": [ "pemagangan" ], "cost_rule": "sending_org", "age_min": null, "age_max": null, "language_tests": [ "TITP bidang perawatan lansia, saat masuk Jepang: Setara JLPT N4", "ESD (mulai 1 April 2027): JFT-Basic atau JLPT N5: A1 atau lebih tinggi, atau kursus bahasa setara", "ESD bidang perawatan lansia: A2.2 atau lebih tinggi" ], "visa_name": "技能実習 (Technical Intern Training)", "job_types": [ "Manufaktur", "Konstruksi", "Pertanian", "Perikanan", "Pengolahan makanan", "Perawatan lansia", "Kebersihan gedung, serta jenis pekerjaan lain dalam daftar pemagangan" ], "pay_floor_ids": [ "jp-45-2026", "jp-13-2026" ], "best_for_id": "Peserta pelatihan yang ingin magang teknis di Jepang lewat lembaga pengirim resmi", "best_for_en": "Trainees who want a technical internship in Japan 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"source_ids": [ "kp2mi-gtog-jepang-batch-20-2027", "mhlw-upah-minimum-prefektur-fy2026" ], "source_urls": [ "https://kp2mi.go.id/gtog-detail/jepang/pengumuman-pendaftaran-penempatan-calon-kandidat-pekerja-migran-indonesia-nurse-kangoshi-dan-calon-kandidat-careworker-kaigofukushishi-program-g-to-g-ke-jepang-batch-20-penempatan-tahun-2027", "https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/11200000/001753404.pdf" ], "source_publishers": [ "Kementerian Pelindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia (KP2MI)", "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan (厚生労働省)" ] }, { "id": "jepang-tokutei-ginou-ssw", "destination": "jepang", "country": "JP", "route_name_id": "Specified Skilled Worker (Tokutei Ginou) tingkat 1", "route_name_en": "Specified Skilled Worker (i)", "official_name": "特定技能1号", "official_url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/ssw/index.html", "status": "open", "status_since": null, "last_verified": "2026-10-07", "id_channels": [ "p3mi", "perseorangan" ], "cost_rule": "p3mi_employer", "age_min": 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(E-9-3)", "Perikanan (E-9-4)", "Jasa (E-9-5)", "Kehutanan (E-9-9)", "Pertambangan (E-9-10)" ], "pay_floor_ids": [ "kr-2026-jam", "kr-2026-bulan", "kr-2027-jam", "kr-2027-bulan" ], "best_for_id": "Pekerja pabrik, pertanian atau perikanan yang lulus EPS-TOPIK lewat program G to G", "best_for_en": "Factory, farm or fishery workers who pass EPS-TOPIK through the G to G programme", "page_url_id": "https://kariraman.com/kerja-luar-negeri/korea-selatan/eps-g-to-g-e9/", "page_url_en": "https://kariraman.com/en/work-abroad/south-korea/eps-e9-employment-permit/", "source_ids": [ "kp2mi-gtog-korea-daftar-pengumuman", "korea-mwc-upah-minimum-2026", "moel-gosi-2026-60-upah-minimum-2027" ], "source_urls": [ "https://kp2mi.go.id/gtog-korea/pengumuman", "https://www.minimumwage.go.kr/main.do", "https://www.minimumwage.go.kr/customer/notice/view.do?bultnId=4774" ], "source_publishers": [ "Kementerian Pelindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia (KP2MI)", "Minimum Wage Commission, Republic of Korea (최저임금위원회)", "Ministry of Employment and Labor, Republic of Korea (고용노동부)" ] }, { "id": "malaysia-pekerja-rumah-tangga", "destination": "malaysia", "country": "MY", "route_name_id": "pekerja rumah tangga lewat sistem satu kanal", "route_name_en": "Domestic worker through the One Channel System", "official_name": "Pembantu Rumah Asing", "official_url": "https://www.imi.gov.my/index.php/en/main-services/pass/visitor-pass/visitors-pass-temporary-employment/", "status": "open", "status_since": null, "last_verified": "2026-10-07", "id_channels": [ "p3mi" ], "cost_rule": "p3mi_employer", "age_min": 21, "age_max": 45, "language_tests": [], "visa_name": "Pas Lawatan (Kerja Sementara)", "job_types": [ "Pekerja rumah tangga (pembantu rumah asing) untuk tugas rumah tangga" ], "pay_floor_ids": [], "best_for_id": "Pekerja rumah tangga yang ingin bekerja di Malaysia lewat P3MI berizin", "best_for_en": "Domestic workers who want to work in Malaysia through a licensed P3MI", "page_url_id": "https://kariraman.com/kerja-luar-negeri/malaysia/pekerja-rumah-tangga/", "page_url_en": "https://kariraman.com/en/work-abroad/malaysia/domestic-worker/", "source_ids": [ "imi-my-visitor-pass-temporary-employment" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.imi.gov.my/index.php/en/main-services/pass/visitor-pass/visitors-pass-temporary-employment/" ], "source_publishers": [ "Immigration Department of Malaysia (Jabatan Imigresen Malaysia)" ] }, { "id": "malaysia-sektor-formal", "destination": "malaysia", "country": "MY", "route_name_id": "pekerja sektor formal dengan PLKS", "route_name_en": "Formal-sector worker on a PLKS", "official_name": "Pas Lawatan (Kerja Sementara)", "official_url": "https://www.imi.gov.my/index.php/en/main-services/pass/visitor-pass/visitors-pass-temporary-employment/", "status": "open", "status_since": null, "last_verified": "2026-10-07", "id_channels": [ "p3mi" ], "cost_rule": "p3mi_employer", "age_min": 18, "age_max": 40, "language_tests": [], "visa_name": "Pas Lawatan (Kerja Sementara)", "job_types": [ "Pekerja perkebunan dan pertanian", "Operator produksi di pabrik (manufaktur)", "Pekerja konstruksi", "Pekerja sektor jasa sesuai izin kerja" ], "pay_floor_ids": [ "my-minimum-wage-2025" ], "best_for_id": "Pekerja perkebunan, pabrik, konstruksi atau jasa yang direkrut lewat P3MI ke Malaysia", "best_for_en": "Plantation, factory, construction or service workers recruited through a P3MI for Malaysia", "page_url_id": "https://kariraman.com/kerja-luar-negeri/malaysia/sektor-formal/", "page_url_en": "https://kariraman.com/en/work-abroad/malaysia/formal-sector/", "source_ids": [ "imi-my-visitor-pass-temporary-employment", "sa-jtk-sarawak-risalah-pgm-2024", "rtm-kesuma-gaji-minimum-1700-2025-07-22" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.imi.gov.my/index.php/en/main-services/pass/visitor-pass/visitors-pass-temporary-employment/", "https://www.jtkswk.gov.my/v2/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/RISALAH-PERINTAH-GAJI-MINIMUM-2024.pdf", "https://berita.rtm.gov.my/nasional/senarai-berita-nasional/senarai-artikel/perintah-gaji-minimum-rm1,700-berkuat-kuasa-1-ogos/" ], "source_publishers": [ "Immigration Department of Malaysia (Jabatan Imigresen Malaysia)", "Jabatan Tenaga Kerja Sarawak, Kementerian Sumber Manusia Malaysia", "Radio Televisyen Malaysia (Portal Berita RTM), quoting Kementerian Sumber Manusia Malaysia" ] }, { "id": "polandia-izin-kerja-zezwolenie", "destination": "polandia", "country": "PL", "route_name_id": "Izin kerja Polandia (zezwolenie na pracę)", "route_name_en": "Polish work permit (zezwolenie na pracę)", "official_name": "Zezwolenie na pracę", "official_url": "https://www.gov.pl/web/indonezja/wiza-typu-d---z-prawem-do-pracy2", "status": "open", "status_since": null, "last_verified": "2026-10-07", "id_channels": [ "p3mi", "perseorangan" ], "cost_rule": "p3mi_employer", "age_min": null, "age_max": null, "language_tests": [], "visa_name": "Wiza typu D z prawem do pracy", "job_types": [ "Pekerjaan pada pemberi kerja di Polandia yang memegang izin kerja atas nama Anda" ], "pay_floor_ids": [ "pl-minimalne-2026-bulan", "pl-minimalne-2026-jam" ], "best_for_id": "Pekerja yang pemberi kerjanya di Polandia mengajukan izin kerja untuk mereka", "best_for_en": "Workers whose employer in Poland applies for their work permit", "page_url_id": "https://kariraman.com/kerja-luar-negeri/polandia/izin-kerja-zezwolenie/", "page_url_en": "https://kariraman.com/en/work-abroad/poland/work-permit/", "source_ids": [ "pl-dz-u-2025-621-cudzoziemcy", "pl-dz-u-2025-1242-minimalne-wynagrodzenie" ], "source_urls": [ "https://api.sejm.gov.pl/eli/acts/DU/2025/621/text.pdf", "https://api.sejm.gov.pl/eli/acts/DU/2025/1242/text.pdf" ], "source_publishers": [ "Sejm RP, Internetowy System Aktów Prawnych (ELI)", "Sejm RP, Internetowy System Aktów Prawnych (ELI)" ] }, { "id": "qatar-sektor-formal", "destination": "qatar", "country": "QA", "route_name_id": "pekerjaan formal pada pemberi kerja berbadan hukum", "route_name_en": "Formal work for legal-entity employers", "official_name": "Penempatan PMI pada pemberi kerja berbadan hukum oleh P3MI", "official_url": "https://siskop2mi.bp2mi.go.id/lowongan/list", "status": "open", "status_since": null, "last_verified": "2026-10-07", "id_channels": [ "p3mi", "perseorangan" ], "cost_rule": "p3mi_employer", "age_min": 18, "age_max": null, "language_tests": [], "visa_name": null, "job_types": [ "Pekerjaan formal pada perusahaan, hotel, rumah sakit, atau proyek berbadan hukum sesuai job order di SISKOP2MI" ], "pay_floor_ids": [ "qa-minimum-basic-wage-2021", "qa-minimum-food-allowance-2021", "qa-minimum-housing-allowance-2021" ], "best_for_id": "Tenaga terampil untuk perusahaan, hotel, rumah sakit atau proyek berbadan hukum di Qatar", "best_for_en": "Skilled workers for companies, hotels, hospitals or projects run by legal entities in Qatar", "page_url_id": "https://kariraman.com/kerja-luar-negeri/qatar/sektor-formal/", "page_url_en": "https://kariraman.com/en/work-abroad/qatar/formal-sector/", "source_ids": [ "kepmenaker-260-2015-moratorium-timteng", "ilo-qatar-minimum-wage-2021" ], "source_urls": [ "https://jdih.kemnaker.go.id/asset/data_puu/KEPMEN_260_TAHUN_2015.PDF", "https://www.ilo.org/resource/news/qatar%E2%80%99s-new-minimum-wage-enters-force" ], "source_publishers": [ "JDIH Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan", "International Labour Organization (ILO Project Office for the State of Qatar)" ] }, { "id": "selandia-baru-accredited-employer-work-visa", "destination": "selandia-baru", "country": "NZ", "route_name_id": "Accredited Employer Work Visa (AEWV)", "route_name_en": "Accredited Employer Work Visa (AEWV)", "official_name": "Accredited Employer Work Visa (AEWV)", "official_url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/accredited-employer-work-visa/", "status": "open", "status_since": null, "last_verified": "2026-10-07", "id_channels": [ "perseorangan" ], "cost_rule": "self_funded", "age_min": null, "age_max": null, "language_tests": [ "Bahasa Inggris: Wajib dibuktikan untuk pekerjaan skill level 3 sampai 5 (ANZSCO atau NOL)" ], "visa_name": "Accredited Employer Work Visa", "job_types": [ "Pekerjaan penuh waktu minimal 30 jam per minggu pada pemberi kerja terakreditasi" ], "pay_floor_ids": [ "nz-mw-2026" ], "best_for_id": "Tenaga terampil dengan tawaran kerja dari pemberi kerja terakreditasi di Selandia Baru", "best_for_en": "Skilled workers with a job offer from an accredited employer in New Zealand", "page_url_id": "https://kariraman.com/kerja-luar-negeri/selandia-baru/accredited-employer-work-visa/", "page_url_en": "https://kariraman.com/en/work-abroad/new-zealand/accredited-employer-work-visa/", "source_ids": [ "nz-inz-aewv", "nz-employment-minimum-wage-2026" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/visas/accredited-employer-work-visa/", "https://www.employment.govt.nz/pay-and-hours/pay-and-wages/minimum-wage/minimum-wage-rates-and-types" ], "source_publishers": [ "Immigration New Zealand", "Employment New Zealand (MBIE)" ] }, { "id": "selandia-baru-working-holiday", "destination": "selandia-baru", "country": "NZ", "route_name_id": "Working holiday visa Selandia Baru", "route_name_en": "New Zealand working holiday visa", "official_name": "Working holiday visa", "official_url": "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/work/working-holiday-visas/who-can-apply-for-a-working-holiday-visa/", "status": "not_eligible_for_id", "status_since": null, "last_verified": "2026-10-07", "id_channels": [], "cost_rule": "no_channel", "age_min": null, "age_max": null, "language_tests": [], "visa_name": null, "job_types": [ "Tidak ada jalur working holiday ke Selandia Baru untuk pemegang paspor Indonesia" ], "pay_floor_ids": [], "best_for_id": "Tidak tersedia untuk pemegang paspor Indonesia; halaman ini menjelaskan alasannya", "best_for_en": "Not available to Indonesian passport holders; this page explains why", "page_url_id": "https://kariraman.com/kerja-luar-negeri/selandia-baru/working-holiday/", "page_url_en": "https://kariraman.com/en/work-abroad/new-zealand/working-holiday-visa/", "source_ids": [ "nz-inz-whv-countries" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.immigration.govt.nz/work/working-holiday-visas/who-can-apply-for-a-working-holiday-visa/" ], "source_publishers": [ "Immigration New Zealand" ] }, { "id": "singapura-employment-pass", "destination": "singapura", "country": "SG", "route_name_id": "Employment Pass untuk profesional, manajer, dan eksekutif", "route_name_en": "Employment Pass for professionals, managers and executives", "official_name": "Employment Pass", "official_url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/eligibility", "status": "open", "status_since": null, "last_verified": "2026-10-07", "id_channels": [ "perseorangan", "p3mi" ], "cost_rule": "p3mi_employer", "age_min": 18, "age_max": null, "language_tests": [], "visa_name": "Employment Pass", "job_types": [ "Pekerjaan profesional, manajer, dan eksekutif dengan tawaran kerja dari perusahaan di Singapura" ], "pay_floor_ids": [ "sg-ep-qs-2025-age23", "sg-ep-qs-2025-age45", "sg-ep-qs-2027-age23", "sg-ep-qs-2027-age45" ], "best_for_id": "Profesional, manajer dan eksekutif dengan tawaran kerja yang memenuhi syarat EP Singapura", "best_for_en": "Professionals, managers and executives with a job offer that meets Singapore's EP criteria", "page_url_id": "https://kariraman.com/kerja-luar-negeri/singapura/employment-pass/", "page_url_en": "https://kariraman.com/en/work-abroad/singapore/employment-pass/", "source_ids": [ "mom-sg-ep-eligibility-compass-2026", "mom-sg-cos-2025-factsheet-foreign-workforce", "mom-sg-cos-2026-factsheet-foreign-workforce" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/employment-pass/eligibility", "https://www.mom.gov.sg/-/media/mom/documents/budget2025/cos-2025-factsheet-on-foreign-workforce-policies.pdf", "https://www.mom.gov.sg/-/media/mom/documents/press-releases/2026/factsheet-on-foreign-workforce-policies-03032026.pdf" ], "source_publishers": [ "Ministry of Manpower, Singapore", "Ministry of Manpower, Singapore", "Ministry of Manpower, Singapore" ] }, { "id": "singapura-pekerja-rumah-tangga-migran", "destination": "singapura", "country": "SG", "route_name_id": "pekerja rumah tangga migran (MDW)", "route_name_en": "Migrant domestic worker (MDW)", "official_name": "Work Permit for migrant domestic worker", "official_url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/work-permit-for-foreign-domestic-worker/eligibility-and-requirements/fdw-eligibility", "status": "open", "status_since": null, "last_verified": "2026-10-07", "id_channels": [ "p3mi" ], "cost_rule": "p3mi_employer", "age_min": 23, "age_max": 49, "language_tests": [], "visa_name": "Work Permit for migrant domestic worker", "job_types": [ "Pekerja rumah tangga di alamat tempat tinggal pemberi kerja yang terdaftar di MOM" ], "pay_floor_ids": [], "best_for_id": "Pekerja rumah tangga yang ingin bekerja di Singapura lewat P3MI berizin", "best_for_en": "Domestic workers who want to work in Singapore through a licensed P3MI", "page_url_id": "https://kariraman.com/kerja-luar-negeri/singapura/pekerja-rumah-tangga-migran/", "page_url_en": "https://kariraman.com/en/work-abroad/singapore/migrant-domestic-worker/", "source_ids": [ "mom-mdw-work-permit-eligibility" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/work-permit-for-foreign-domestic-worker/eligibility-and-requirements/fdw-eligibility" ], "source_publishers": [ "Ministry of Manpower, Singapore" ] }, { "id": "singapura-s-pass", "destination": "singapura", "country": "SG", "route_name_id": "S Pass untuk tenaga teknis dan associate professional", "route_name_en": "S Pass for associate professionals and technicians", "official_name": "S Pass", "official_url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/s-pass/eligibility", "status": "open", "status_since": null, "last_verified": "2026-10-07", "id_channels": [ "perseorangan", "p3mi" ], "cost_rule": "p3mi_employer", "age_min": 18, "age_max": null, "language_tests": [], "visa_name": "S Pass", "job_types": [ "Pekerjaan tingkat associate professional dan teknisi dengan tawaran kerja dari perusahaan di Singapura" ], "pay_floor_ids": [ "sg-spass-qs-2025-age23", "sg-spass-qs-2025-age45", "sg-spass-qs-2027-age23", "sg-spass-qs-2027-age45" ], "best_for_id": "Teknisi dan tenaga terampil menengah dengan tawaran kerja yang memenuhi syarat S Pass", "best_for_en": "Technicians and mid-skilled workers with a job offer that meets S Pass criteria", "page_url_id": "https://kariraman.com/kerja-luar-negeri/singapura/s-pass/", "page_url_en": "https://kariraman.com/en/work-abroad/singapore/s-pass/", "source_ids": [ "mom-sg-s-pass-eligibility-2026", "mom-sg-cos-2025-factsheet-foreign-workforce", "mom-sg-cos-2026-factsheet-foreign-workforce" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/s-pass/eligibility", "https://www.mom.gov.sg/-/media/mom/documents/budget2025/cos-2025-factsheet-on-foreign-workforce-policies.pdf", "https://www.mom.gov.sg/-/media/mom/documents/press-releases/2026/factsheet-on-foreign-workforce-policies-03032026.pdf" ], "source_publishers": [ "Ministry of Manpower, Singapore", "Ministry of Manpower, Singapore", "Ministry of Manpower, Singapore" ] }, { "id": "taiwan-awak-kapal-perikanan", "destination": "taiwan", "country": "TW", "route_name_id": "Awak kapal perikanan migran di kapal ikan Taiwan", "route_name_en": "Migrant fishing crew on Taiwanese vessels", "official_name": "境外僱用非我國籍船員", "official_url": "https://www.moa.gov.tw/ws.php?id=2506247", "status": "open", "status_since": null, "last_verified": "2026-10-07", "id_channels": [ "p3mi", "perseorangan" ], "cost_rule": "p3mi_employer", "age_min": 18, "age_max": null, "language_tests": [], "visa_name": null, "job_types": [ "Awak kapal penangkap ikan jarak jauh", "Awak kapal perikanan lain" ], "pay_floor_ids": [], "best_for_id": "Awak kapal dengan dokumen pelaut lengkap yang ingin bekerja di kapal ikan Taiwan", "best_for_en": "Crew members with complete seafarer documents who want to work on Taiwanese fishing vessels", "page_url_id": "https://kariraman.com/kerja-luar-negeri/taiwan/awak-kapal-perikanan/", "page_url_en": "https://kariraman.com/en/work-abroad/taiwan/fishing-crew/", "source_ids": [ "pp-22-2022-pelaut-perikanan-perseorangan" ], "source_urls": [ "https://peraturan.go.id/files/pp22-2022.pdf" ], "source_publishers": [ "Kementerian Hukum RI (peraturan.go.id)" ] }, { "id": "taiwan-pabrik-manufaktur", "destination": "taiwan", "country": "TW", "route_name_id": "Pekerja migran sektor manufaktur (pabrik)", "route_name_en": "Migrant factory worker (manufacturing)", "official_name": "製造業移工", "official_url": "https://fw.wda.gov.tw/wda-employer/home", "status": "open", "status_since": null, "last_verified": "2026-10-07", "id_channels": [ "p3mi", "g2p" ], "cost_rule": "p3mi_employer", "age_min": 18, "age_max": null, "language_tests": [], "visa_name": "應聘居留簽證 (Resident visa for employment)", "job_types": [ "Operator produksi di pabrik", "Pekerjaan manufaktur lain sesuai izin kerja majikan" ], "pay_floor_ids": [ "tw-2026-bulan", "tw-2026-jam", "tw-2027-bulan", "tw-2027-jam" ], "best_for_id": "Pekerja pabrik atau operator produksi yang ingin bekerja di manufaktur Taiwan", "best_for_en": "Factory workers or production operators who want to work in Taiwanese manufacturing", "page_url_id": "https://kariraman.com/kerja-luar-negeri/taiwan/pabrik-manufaktur/", "page_url_en": "https://kariraman.com/en/work-abroad/taiwan/factory-work/", "source_ids": [ "ey-tw-upah-minimum-2027-disetujui", "mol-tw-riwayat-upah-minimum", "focustaiwan-upah-minimum-2027-pengecualian", "mol-tw-upah-minimum-2027-sidang" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.ey.gov.tw/Page/448DE008087A1971/f56b115b-b12c-4ccd-b15f-816c42bfb1d7", "https://www.mol.gov.tw/1607/28162/28166/28180/70460/76761/", "https://focustaiwan.tw/society/202609240022", "https://www.mol.gov.tw/1607/1632/1633/99195/" ], "source_publishers": [ "Executive Yuan, Taiwan (行政院)", "Ministry of Labor, Taiwan (勞動部)", "Focus Taiwan (Central News Agency)", "Ministry of Labor, Taiwan (勞動部)" ] }, { "id": "taiwan-caregiver-rumah-tangga", "destination": "taiwan", "country": "TW", "route_name_id": "Perawat rumah tangga (caregiver) live-in", "route_name_en": "Live-in household caregiver", "official_name": "外籍家庭看護工", "official_url": "https://fw.wda.gov.tw/wda-employer/home", "status": "open", "status_since": null, "last_verified": "2026-10-07", "id_channels": [ "p3mi" ], "cost_rule": "p3mi_employer", "age_min": 18, "age_max": null, "language_tests": [], "visa_name": "應聘居留簽證 (Resident visa for employment)", "job_types": [ "Perawat lansia atau orang sakit yang tinggal di rumah majikan" ], "pay_floor_ids": [ "tw-pekerja-rumah-tangga-2022" ], "best_for_id": "Pekerja berpengalaman merawat lansia atau orang sakit yang siap tinggal di rumah majikan", "best_for_en": "Workers experienced in caring for elderly or sick people, ready to live in the employer's home", "page_url_id": "https://kariraman.com/kerja-luar-negeri/taiwan/caregiver-rumah-tangga/", "page_url_en": "https://kariraman.com/en/work-abroad/taiwan/household-caregiver/", "source_ids": [ "mol-tw-survei-pekerja-migran-2025", "mol-tw-gaji-pekerja-rumah-tangga-2022" ], "source_urls": [ "https://statdb.mol.gov.tw/html/s4/svy14/1442summary.pdf", "https://www.mol.gov.tw/1607/1632/1640/54530/post" ], "source_publishers": [ "Ministry of Labor, Taiwan (勞動部)", "Ministry of Labor, Taiwan (勞動部)" ] }, { "id": "timur-tengah-moratorium-pekerja-rumah-tangga", "destination": "timur-tengah", "country": "ZZ", "route_name_id": "pekerja rumah tangga dan pekerjaan lain pada pengguna perseorangan", "route_name_en": "Domestic and other work for individual employers", "official_name": "Penghentian dan Pelarangan Penempatan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia pada Pengguna Perseorangan di Negara-negara Kawasan Timur Tengah", "official_url": "https://jdih.kemnaker.go.id/peraturan/detail/618/keputusan-menaker-nomor-260-tahun-2015", "status": "moratorium", "status_since": "2015-07-01", "last_verified": "2026-10-07", "id_channels": [], "cost_rule": "no_channel", "age_min": null, "age_max": null, "language_tests": [], "visa_name": null, "job_types": [ "Pekerja rumah tangga, pengasuh, dan sopir pribadi pada pengguna perseorangan (dilarang selama moratorium)" ], "pay_floor_ids": [], "best_for_id": "Tidak ada jalur resmi; halaman ini menjelaskan moratorium PRT di Timur Tengah dan tanda bahayanya", "best_for_en": "No legal route; this page explains the Middle East domestic work moratorium and its red flags", "page_url_id": "https://kariraman.com/kerja-luar-negeri/timur-tengah/moratorium-pekerja-rumah-tangga/", "page_url_en": "https://kariraman.com/en/work-abroad/middle-east/domestic-work-moratorium/", "source_ids": 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