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Pay abroad: official minimum wages in the destinations of Indonesian migrant workers

Updated

This page collects the official minimum wages in destination countries from those governments' own websites. Figures are in local currency, with a rupiah estimate at Bank Indonesia's middle rate on the date shown.

Official minimum wage in Australia
Area or group Official floor Approximate rupiah value
Australia, adult employees Applies to: National minimum wage per hour for adult employees not covered by a modern award or agreement Excludes: Junior employees, trainees and award-covered employees have their own rates AUD 26.44 per hour In force from about IDR 329,363 rate as of 8 October 2026
Skills in Demand, Core Skills Applies to: Core Skills Income Threshold: minimum annual salary for Skills in Demand (subclass 482) Core Skills stream nominations lodged 1 July 2026 to 30 June 2027 AUD 79,423.00 per year In force from about IDR 989,372,708 rate as of 8 October 2026
Skills in Demand, Specialist Skills Applies to: Specialist Skills Income Threshold for Skills in Demand (subclass 482) Specialist Skills stream nominations lodged 1 July 2026 to 30 June 2027 AUD 146,576.00 per year In force from about IDR 1,825,897,965 rate as of 8 October 2026

Fair Work Commission Department of Home Affairs, Australia

Official minimum wage in Germany
Area or group Official floor Approximate rupiah value
Germany, from 2026 Applies to: Statutory hourly minimum wage for employees in Germany EUR 13.90 per hour In force from about IDR 278,107 rate as of 8 October 2026
Germany, from 2027 Applies to: Statutory hourly minimum wage in Germany, in force from 1 January 2027 EUR 14.60 per hour In force from about IDR 292,113 rate as of 8 October 2026
Training year 1 Applies to: Monthly minimum training allowance for dual vocational training under the BBiG or HwO starting between 1 January and 31 December 2026 Excludes: Training covered by a collective agreement (Tarifvertrag), and training not regulated by the BBiG or HwO EUR 724.00 per month In force from about IDR 14,485,597 rate as of 8 October 2026
Training year 2 Applies to: Monthly minimum training allowance for dual vocational training under the BBiG or HwO starting between 1 January and 31 December 2026 Excludes: Training covered by a collective agreement (Tarifvertrag), and training not regulated by the BBiG or HwO EUR 854.00 per month In force from about IDR 17,086,601 rate as of 8 October 2026
Training year 3 Applies to: Monthly minimum training allowance for dual vocational training under the BBiG or HwO starting between 1 January and 31 December 2026 Excludes: Training covered by a collective agreement (Tarifvertrag), and training not regulated by the BBiG or HwO EUR 977.00 per month In force from about IDR 19,547,552 rate as of 8 October 2026
Training year 4 Applies to: Monthly minimum training allowance for dual vocational training under the BBiG or HwO starting between 1 January and 31 December 2026 Excludes: Training covered by a collective agreement (Tarifvertrag), and training not regulated by the BBiG or HwO EUR 1,014.00 per month In force from about IDR 20,287,838 rate as of 8 October 2026
EU Blue Card, lower threshold Applies to: Lower threshold for shortage occupations (certain ISCO-08 groups), graduates of at most three years and experienced ICT professionals, with Federal Employment Agency approval EUR 45,934.20 per year In force from about IDR 919,039,071 rate as of 8 October 2026
EU Blue Card, standard threshold Applies to: Minimum gross annual salary for the EU Blue Card in Germany (AufenthG § 18g(1) sentence 1) EUR 50,700.00 per year In force from about IDR 1,014,391,911 rate as of 8 October 2026

Bundesministerium der Justiz (gesetze-im-internet.de) Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung (BIBB) Bundesministerium des Innern (Bundesanzeiger)

Official minimum wage in Hong Kong
Area or group Official floor Approximate rupiah value
Hong Kong: food allowance in lieu Applies to: Minimum monthly food allowance if the employer does not provide free food; unchanged at the 2 October 2026 review HKD 1,236.00 per month In force from about IDR 2,816,034 rate as of 8 October 2026
Hong Kong: Minimum Allowable Wage (MAW) Applies to: Minimum monthly wage of foreign domestic helpers on Standard Employment Contracts (ID 407) signed on or after 3 October 2026 Excludes: Food allowance, paid separately if free food is not provided HKD 5,220.00 per month In force from about IDR 11,892,961 rate as of 8 October 2026

Hong Kong SAR Government (Information Services Department press release) Labour Department, Hong Kong SAR Government

Official minimum wage in Japan
Area or group Official floor Approximate rupiah value
Miyazaki Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Miyazaki prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,085 per hour JPY 1,023 still applies before 24 October 2026 In force from about IDR 122,702 rate as of 8 October 2026
Kochi Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Kochi prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,086 per hour JPY 1,023 still applies before 29 October 2026 In force from about IDR 122,815 rate as of 8 October 2026
Okinawa Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Okinawa prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,086 per hour JPY 1,023 still applies before 2 December 2026 In force from about IDR 122,815 rate as of 8 October 2026
Nagasaki Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Nagasaki prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,087 per hour JPY 1,031 still applies before 2 November 2026 In force from about IDR 122,928 rate as of 8 October 2026
Aomori Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Aomori prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,090 per hour JPY 1,029 still applies before 29 October 2026 In force from about IDR 123,268 rate as of 8 October 2026
Iwate Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Iwate prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,090 per hour JPY 1,031 still applies before 1 December 2026 In force from about IDR 123,268 rate as of 8 October 2026
Akita Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Akita prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,090 per hour JPY 1,031 still applies before 14 October 2026 In force from about IDR 123,268 rate as of 8 October 2026
Tottori Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Tottori prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,090 per hour In force from about IDR 123,268 rate as of 8 October 2026
Kagoshima Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Kagoshima prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,090 per hour JPY 1,026 still applies before 25 October 2026 In force from about IDR 123,268 rate as of 8 October 2026
Yamagata Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Yamagata prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,092 per hour JPY 1,032 still applies before 30 October 2026 In force from about IDR 123,494 rate as of 8 October 2026
Shimane Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Shimane prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,092 per hour JPY 1,033 still applies before 10 October 2026 In force from about IDR 123,494 rate as of 8 October 2026
Kagawa Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Kagawa prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,092 per hour In force from about IDR 123,494 rate as of 8 October 2026
Kumamoto Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Kumamoto prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,092 per hour JPY 1,034 still applies before 1 December 2026 In force from about IDR 123,494 rate as of 8 October 2026
Ehime Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Ehime prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,093 per hour JPY 1,033 still applies before 1 November 2026 In force from about IDR 123,607 rate as of 8 October 2026
Fukushima Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Fukushima prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,094 per hour JPY 1,033 still applies before 16 October 2026 In force from about IDR 123,720 rate as of 8 October 2026
Saga Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Saga prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,095 per hour JPY 1,030 still applies before 15 November 2026 In force from about IDR 123,833 rate as of 8 October 2026
Oita Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Oita prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,096 per hour JPY 1,035 still applies before 1 November 2026 In force from about IDR 123,946 rate as of 8 October 2026
Miyagi Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Miyagi prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,098 per hour In force from about IDR 124,172 rate as of 8 October 2026
Wakayama Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Wakayama prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,101 per hour In force from about IDR 124,512 rate as of 8 October 2026
Yamaguchi Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Yamaguchi prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,101 per hour In force from about IDR 124,512 rate as of 8 October 2026
Tokushima Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Tokushima prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,103 per hour JPY 1,046 still applies before 1 November 2026 In force from about IDR 124,738 rate as of 8 October 2026
Okayama Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Okayama prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,104 per hour In force from about IDR 124,851 rate as of 8 October 2026
Nara Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Nara prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,107 per hour In force from about IDR 125,190 rate as of 8 October 2026
Niigata Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Niigata prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,108 per hour In force from about IDR 125,303 rate as of 8 October 2026
Fukui Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Fukui prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,112 per hour In force from about IDR 125,756 rate as of 8 October 2026
Ishikawa Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Ishikawa prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,113 per hour In force from about IDR 125,869 rate as of 8 October 2026
Yamanashi Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Yamanashi prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,113 per hour JPY 1,052 still applies before 1 November 2026 In force from about IDR 125,869 rate as of 8 October 2026
Fukuoka Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Fukuoka prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,114 per hour In force from about IDR 125,982 rate as of 8 October 2026
Nagano Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Nagano prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,117 per hour In force from about IDR 126,321 rate as of 8 October 2026
Toyama Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Toyama prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,119 per hour In force from about IDR 126,547 rate as of 8 October 2026
Gunma Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Gunma prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,120 per hour In force from about IDR 126,660 rate as of 8 October 2026
Gifu Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Gifu prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,121 per hour In force from about IDR 126,773 rate as of 8 October 2026
Tochigi Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Tochigi prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,125 per hour In force from about IDR 127,226 rate as of 8 October 2026
Hokkaido Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Hokkaido prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,131 per hour In force from about IDR 127,904 rate as of 8 October 2026
Ibaraki Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Ibaraki prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,136 per hour JPY 1,074 still applies before 18 October 2026 In force from about IDR 128,470 rate as of 8 October 2026
Shiga Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Shiga prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,136 per hour In force from about IDR 128,470 rate as of 8 October 2026
Hiroshima Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Hiroshima prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,141 per hour JPY 1,085 still applies before 11 October 2026 In force from about IDR 129,035 rate as of 8 October 2026
Mie Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Mie prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,143 per hour In force from about IDR 129,261 rate as of 8 October 2026
Shizuoka Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Shizuoka prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,154 per hour JPY 1,097 still applies before 15 October 2026 In force from about IDR 130,505 rate as of 8 October 2026
Hyogo Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Hyogo prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,172 per hour In force from about IDR 132,541 rate as of 8 October 2026
Kyoto Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Kyoto prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,180 per hour JPY 1,122 still applies before 16 November 2026 In force from about IDR 133,446 rate as of 8 October 2026
Chiba Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Chiba prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,195 per hour In force from about IDR 135,142 rate as of 8 October 2026
Aichi Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Aichi prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,195 per hour In force from about IDR 135,142 rate as of 8 October 2026
Saitama Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Saitama prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,196 per hour In force from about IDR 135,255 rate as of 8 October 2026
Osaka Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Osaka prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,231 per hour In force from about IDR 139,213 rate as of 8 October 2026
Kanagawa Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Kanagawa prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,279 per hour In force from about IDR 144,641 rate as of 8 October 2026
Tokyo Applies to: Regional hourly minimum wage of Tokyo prefecture for fiscal year 2026 JPY 1,280 per hour In force from about IDR 144,755 rate as of 8 October 2026

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan (厚生労働省)

Official minimum wage in Malaysia
Area or group Official floor Approximate rupiah value
Malaysia: national minimum wage Applies to: Minimum monthly basic wage, foreign workers included: from 1 February 2025 for employers with five or more workers and MASCO professional-activity employers, from 1 August 2025 for employers with fewer than five workers Excludes: Domestic workers MYR 1,700.00 per month In force from about IDR 7,434,542 rate as of 8 October 2026

Jabatan Tenaga Kerja Sarawak, Kementerian Sumber Manusia Malaysia Radio Televisyen Malaysia (Portal Berita RTM), quoting Kementerian Sumber Manusia Malaysia (official statement via media)

Official minimum wage in Netherlands
Area or group Official floor Approximate rupiah value
Highly skilled migrant, reduced criterion Applies to: Reduced salary criterion for highly skilled migrants during or after an orientation year, or within three years of graduation, doctorate or research EUR 3,122.00 per month In force from about IDR 62,464,133 rate as of 8 October 2026
Highly skilled migrant, younger than 30 Applies to: Minimum gross monthly salary for highly skilled migrants younger than 30 EUR 4,357.00 per month In force from about IDR 87,173,680 rate as of 8 October 2026
EU Blue Card, reduced criterion Applies to: Reduced EU Blue Card criterion for higher-education graduates within three years of graduation or doctorate EUR 4,754.00 per month In force from about IDR 95,116,748 rate as of 8 October 2026
EU Blue Card Applies to: Minimum gross monthly salary for the EU Blue Card in the Netherlands EUR 5,942.00 per month In force from about IDR 118,885,932 rate as of 8 October 2026
Highly skilled migrant, aged 30 or older Applies to: Minimum gross monthly salary for highly skilled migrants aged 30 or older EUR 5,942.00 per month In force from about IDR 118,885,932 rate as of 8 October 2026

Immigratie- en Naturalisatiedienst (IND)

Official minimum wage in New Zealand
Area or group Official floor Approximate rupiah value
New Zealand, adult rate Applies to: Adult hourly minimum wage in New Zealand for employees aged 16 or over who are not starting-out workers or trainees NZD 23.95 per hour In force from about IDR 240,150 rate as of 8 October 2026

Employment New Zealand (MBIE)

Official minimum wage in Poland
Area or group Official floor Approximate rupiah value
Poland, hourly Applies to: Minimum hourly rate in Poland PLN 31.40 per hour In force from Not enough data yet rate as of 8 October 2026
Poland, monthly Applies to: Monthly minimum wage in Poland PLN 4,806.00 per month In force from Not enough data yet rate as of 8 October 2026

Sejm RP, Internetowy System Aktów Prawnych (ELI)

Official minimum wage in Qatar
Area or group Official floor Approximate rupiah value
Qatar: minimum food allowance Applies to: Minimum monthly food allowance if the employer does not provide food QAR 300.00 per month In force from Not enough data yet rate as of 8 October 2026
Qatar: minimum housing allowance Applies to: Minimum monthly housing allowance if the employer does not provide accommodation QAR 500.00 per month In force from Not enough data yet rate as of 8 October 2026
Qatar: minimum basic wage Applies to: Minimum monthly basic wage for all workers of all nationalities in all sectors, including domestic workers Excludes: Food and housing allowances, payable separately if not provided QAR 1,000.00 per month In force from Not enough data yet rate as of 8 October 2026

International Labour Organization (ILO Project Office for the State of Qatar)

Official minimum wage in Singapore
Area or group Official floor Approximate rupiah value
S Pass, age 23 or below Applies to: New S Pass applications from 1 September 2025 until before 1 January 2027, all sectors except financial services SGD 3,300.00 per month Minimum qualifying salary for a work pass, not a minimum wage In force from about IDR 46,116,725 rate as of 8 October 2026
S Pass, age 23 or below (from 2027) Applies to: New S Pass applications from 1 January 2027 and renewals of passes expiring from 1 January 2028, all sectors except financial services SGD 3,600.00 per month Minimum qualifying salary for a work pass, not a minimum wage In force from about IDR 50,309,154 rate as of 8 October 2026
S Pass, age 45 or above Applies to: New S Pass applications from 1 September 2025 until before 1 January 2027, all sectors except financial services SGD 4,800.00 per month Minimum qualifying salary for a work pass, not a minimum wage In force from about IDR 67,078,872 rate as of 8 October 2026
S Pass, age 45 or above (from 2027) Applies to: New S Pass applications from 1 January 2027 and renewals of passes expiring from 1 January 2028, all sectors except financial services SGD 5,100.00 per month Minimum qualifying salary for a work pass, not a minimum wage In force from about IDR 71,271,302 rate as of 8 October 2026
Employment Pass, age 23 or below Applies to: New Employment Pass applications from 1 January 2025 until before 1 January 2027, all sectors except financial services SGD 5,600.00 per month Minimum qualifying salary for a work pass, not a minimum wage In force from 2025 data about IDR 78,258,684 rate as of 8 October 2026
Employment Pass, age 23 or below (from 2027) Applies to: New Employment Pass applications from 1 January 2027 and renewals of passes expiring from 1 January 2028, all sectors except financial services SGD 6,000.00 per month Minimum qualifying salary for a work pass, not a minimum wage In force from about IDR 83,848,590 rate as of 8 October 2026
Employment Pass, age 45 or above Applies to: New Employment Pass applications from 1 January 2025 until before 1 January 2027, all sectors except financial services SGD 10,700.00 per month Minimum qualifying salary for a work pass, not a minimum wage In force from 2025 data about IDR 149,529,986 rate as of 8 October 2026
Employment Pass, age 45 or above (from 2027) Applies to: New Employment Pass applications from 1 January 2027 and renewals of passes expiring from 1 January 2028, all sectors except financial services SGD 11,500.00 per month Minimum qualifying salary for a work pass, not a minimum wage In force from about IDR 160,709,798 rate as of 8 October 2026

Ministry of Manpower, Singapore Ministry of Manpower, Singapore Ministry of Manpower, Singapore Ministry of Manpower, Singapore

Official minimum wage in South Korea
Area or group Official floor Approximate rupiah value
South Korea Applies to: All businesses in South Korea KRW 10,320 per hour In force from about IDR 137,875 rate as of 8 October 2026
South Korea Applies to: All businesses in South Korea KRW 10,700 per hour KRW 10,320 still applies before 1 January 2027 In force from about IDR 142,952 rate as of 8 October 2026
South Korea Applies to: All businesses in South Korea KRW 2,156,880 per month, a calculation, not an offered wage In force from about IDR 28,815,917 rate as of 8 October 2026
South Korea Applies to: All businesses in South Korea KRW 2,236,300 per month, a calculation, not an offered wage KRW 2,156,880 still applies before 1 January 2027 In force from about IDR 29,876,968 rate as of 8 October 2026

Minimum Wage Commission, Republic of Korea (최저임금위원회) Ministry of Employment and Labor, Republic of Korea (고용노동부)

Official minimum wage in Taiwan
Area or group Official floor Approximate rupiah value
Taiwan Applies to: Workers covered by Taiwan's Labor Standards Act, including factory workers Excludes: Live-in household caregivers and domestic helpers TWD 196.00 per hour In force from Not enough data yet rate as of 8 October 2026
Taiwan Applies to: Workers covered by Taiwan's Labor Standards Act, including factory workers Excludes: Live-in household caregivers and domestic helpers TWD 205.00 per hour TWD 196.00 still applies before 1 January 2027 In force from Not enough data yet rate as of 8 October 2026
Taiwan Applies to: Household caregivers and domestic helpers newly hired, or renewing or transferring at contract end, since 2022-08-10 (pay set by Taiwan's Ministry of Labor, not the statutory minimum wage) Excludes: Workers still under an older contract, unless the employer agrees to the raise TWD 20,000.00 per month In force from 2022 data Not enough data yet rate as of 8 October 2026
Taiwan Applies to: Workers covered by Taiwan's Labor Standards Act, including factory workers Excludes: Live-in household caregivers and domestic helpers TWD 29,500.00 per month In force from Not enough data yet rate as of 8 October 2026
Taiwan Applies to: Workers covered by Taiwan's Labor Standards Act, including factory workers Excludes: Live-in household caregivers and domestic helpers TWD 30,900.00 per month TWD 29,500.00 still applies before 1 January 2027 In force from Not enough data yet rate as of 8 October 2026

Ministry of Labor, Taiwan (勞動部) Focus Taiwan (Central News Agency) (official statement via media) Executive Yuan, Taiwan (行政院) Ministry of Labor, Taiwan (勞動部) Ministry of Labor, Taiwan (勞動部) Ministry of Labor, Taiwan (勞動部)

Official minimum wage in Türkiye
Area or group Official floor Approximate rupiah value
Turkey, per working day Applies to: Gross minimum wage for one normal working day in Turkey, a single national rate TRY 1,101.00 per day In force from Not enough data yet rate as of 8 October 2026

T.C. Resmî Gazete (Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı)

Official minimum wage in United Kingdom
Area or group Official floor Approximate rupiah value
UK, aged 21 and over Applies to: National Living Wage, the hourly minimum for workers aged 21 and over GBP 12.71 per hour In force from about IDR 300,851 rate as of 8 October 2026
Skilled Worker, lower threshold Applies to: Lower Skilled Worker threshold for applicants under 26, students or recent graduates, professional trainees, jobs on the immigration salary list and holders of a relevant STEM PhD GBP 33,400.00 per year In force from about IDR 790,593,197 rate as of 8 October 2026
Skilled Worker, general threshold Applies to: Minimum annual salary for the Skilled Worker visa, or the job's going rate if higher GBP 41,700.00 per year In force from about IDR 987,057,974 rate as of 8 October 2026

HM Government (GOV.UK) Home Office (GOV.UK) UK Visas and Immigration (GOV.UK)

Exchange rate: Bank Indonesia middle rate as of . PLN, QAR, TRY, TWD are not on Bank Indonesia's transaction rate list, so we show no rupiah estimate for them. Bank Indonesia

How should you read pay figures abroad?

The figures are the official floor in the destination country, not the pay an agent promises. The rupiah estimate is only a guide because exchange rates change daily. Monthly figures calculated from hourly minimums are marked as calculations, and national averages are marked as not being a floor.

Do Indonesian migrant workers have to pay placement costs?

Law 18/2017, Article 30(1), states that Indonesian migrant workers may not be charged placement costs. Permen P2MI 17/2025 sets the employer as the default payer; a worker may be charged only costs written and itemised in the placement agreement. Any request for money outside that document, in cash or to a personal account, is a red flag.

Kementerian Hukum RI (peraturan.go.id) Kementerian Hukum RI (peraturan.go.id)

Download the data

Sources

The facts on this page come from these sources. Dates show when we opened them.

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How to cite

KarirAman (2026). Pay abroad: official minimum wages in the destinations of Indonesian migrant workers. Updated 8 October 2026. https://kariraman.com/en/salary/abroad/. Licence: CC BY 4.0.

CC BY 4.0 applies to the KarirAman compilation. Every row names its original publisher; credit both KarirAman and the original publisher when you use this data. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

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