Elderly and child caregivers: duties, rights, pay and applying safely
Caregivers in private homes are protected by Law 2/2026: agencies may not cut wages, charge fees or hold documents. Go abroad only by a legal route.
Summary
- Caregivers working for a household are domestic workers (PRT) protected by Law 2/2026, in force since 30 April 2026.
- Law 2/2026 bans domestic-worker placement companies from cutting wages, charging any fee or holding original documents.
- In Japan, caregivers can work through the Specified Skilled Worker nursing care field, with a care skills test and two Japanese tests.
- Placement of Indonesian migrant workers is legal only through KP2MI, a licensed agency (P3MI) or a company placing its own staff (Law 18/2017 Article 49).
- The UK no longer takes new care workers from abroad; an offer of a UK care worker visa is a warning sign.
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On this page
- What does a caregiver do, and is a caregiver the same as a nurse?
- What do you need to become a caregiver in Indonesia?
- What does a typical caregiver job description look like?
- How much does a caregiver earn in Indonesia?
- Which education routes lead to caregiving work?
- Can you work as a caregiver abroad?
- What are working conditions and rights like for caregivers?
- What does a caregiver career path look like?
- Which countries offer caregiver routes for Indonesian workers?
- What interview questions might you be asked for caregiver jobs?
- Which job scams target caregiver applicants?
- Where can you find safe caregiver vacancies and how should you apply?
- Which careers are similar?
What does a caregiver do, and is a caregiver the same as a nurse?
Caregivers help older people, children or sick people with daily activities such as bathing, eating, dressing, moving and taking medicine on schedule, and keep them company. Law 2/2026 Article 10 counts looking after children, sick people and older people as domestic work. A caregiver or nursing aide is not a licensed nurse: Law 17/2023 Article 260 requires practising health workers to hold an STR, so nursing procedures must be done by a nurse.
- Help elderly or sick people bathe, dress, eat and keep clean.
- Help them move and walk safely to prevent falls.
- Remind them to take prescribed medicine on time and record daily condition.
- Prepare food that follows nutrition or diet advice from health workers.
- Keep them company, talk with them and do light activities together.
- Look after children: feed, bathe, play with them and keep them safe.
- Report changes in condition to the family or health workers.
What do you need to become a caregiver in Indonesia?
Caregiving is not a licensed profession. For caregivers working in households, Law 2/2026 Article 5 requires a minimum age of 18, an electronic ID card and a health certificate. Ads usually ask for a senior high or vocational school diploma and caregiver training from a training provider or BLK. A competency certificate from a BNSP-licensed body helps prove your skills (Government Regulation 10/2018), and overseas routes have their own tests.
What does a typical caregiver job description look like?
Caregiver vacancies in Indonesia usually ask for experience or training in caring for elderly people or children, patience, physical fitness for the work and willingness to live in the employer's home or work shifts. We wrote the description below ourselves from common advertising patterns. It is not a vacancy from any family, care home or agency, so there is no apply button.
General example, not a vacancy
We wrote this description ourselves from what job ads usually ask for. It is not a vacancy from any company.
Commonly requested requirements
- A senior high or vocational school (SMA/SMK) diploma; a health or nursing major is a plus.
- A caregiver training certificate from a training provider (LPK) or BLK, or experience caring for elderly people or children.
- Patient, calm and able to do physical work such as helping people move.
- For jobs abroad: pass the language and skills tests of the destination.
- Willing to live in the employer's home or work shifts, as agreed.
Skills
Personal care for older people, Fall prevention, Patience, Communicating with families, Daily care records, First aid, Childcare.
Ministry of Manpower Circular M/6/HK.04/V/2025 bars employers from discriminating on any basis in recruitment. An age requirement is allowed only where the nature of the job genuinely affects ability and it does not remove the chance of work, and the same applies to workers with disabilities. Law 13/2003 Articles 5 and 6 guarantee equal opportunity and treatment without discrimination. JDIH Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan JDIH BPK RI (peraturan.bpk.go.id)
How much does a caregiver earn in Indonesia?
We do not show caregiver pay in Indonesia yet because no data meets our standard. Law 2/2026 Article 15(3) says the amount and timing of domestic workers' pay will be set by a Government Regulation. For caregivers employed by companies, such as care homes or home care services, the 2026 minimum wage (UMK) of the regency or city is the floor for service under one year.
| Data | Figure | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Pay range in KarirAman verified vacancies | Not enough data yet (n < 30) | |
| Average net wage of employees, Human health and social work activities (BPS Sakernas May 2026) | IDR 3,624,569 | reference for the Human health and social work activities sector, not specific to this career; net (after deductions) Badan Pusat Statistik |
| Minimum wage (UMP/UMK) as the floor | IDR 2,317,601 to IDR 5,729,876 | Lowest 2026 UMP IDR 2,317,601 (West Java), highest IDR 5,729,876 (Jakarta) Micro and small businesses are exempt from the minimum wage rules; pay there is set by agreement and still has a legal floor. Kementerian Hukum RI (peraturan.go.id) |
Check your city's minimum wage (2026) Work out your take-home pay How we handle salary data
Which education routes lead to caregiving work?
The usual route is a vocational school or D3 in a health field, or caregiver training at a training provider (LPK) or government training centre (BLK), followed by a competency test at a BNSP-licensed body. For domestic workers, Law 2/2026 Article 24(2) says training paid for by the agency or employer may not be charged to you. For jobs abroad, prepare the destination's language tests, such as JFT-Basic and Japan's care Japanese test.
- Vocational high school (SMK) in Indonesia: route to work, certificates and job centres
- LPK training institutes in Indonesia: choosing a licensed one and spotting warning signs
- BLK and BPVP: free government job training in Indonesia and how to register on Skillhub
- BNSP competency certification in Indonesia: how to get one, check it and when you need it
- Language tests for working abroad: JFT-Basic, JLPT, EPS-TOPIK, IELTS, OET and telc
- D3 vocational diploma in Indonesia: how it differs from a degree and how to check a campus
Can you work as a caregiver abroad?
Yes, through official routes. Law 18/2017 Article 49 recognises only KP2MI, licensed agencies (P3MI) and companies placing their own staff. Japan takes caregivers through the Specified Skilled Worker nursing care field, with a care skills test, JFT-Basic or JLPT N4 and a care Japanese test, and through the EPA scheme announced by KP2MI. Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore and Germany have their own rules; see the table below.
What are working conditions and rights like for caregivers?
Law 2/2026 Article 15 gives domestic workers the right to humane working hours, rest, leave, wages and a religious holiday allowance (THR) as agreed, health and employment social security, healthy food and decent accommodation for full-time workers. The written employment agreement is made in Indonesian (Article 11). Caregivers at care homes or companies must also be registered with BPJS (Law 24/2011 Article 15).
Legal status: the Labour Protection Law was approved by the DPR and the Government on 6 October 2026 but has not been promulgated and its text is not public. Until it takes effect, the rules on this page apply.
Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat RI (emedia); Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan RI
What does a caregiver career path look like?
Caregivers can become senior caregivers or home care coordinators, or study for a D3 in nursing to become nurses; child carers can move towards early childhood teaching, and elderly carers often work alongside physiotherapists. In Japan, caregivers who pass the national kaigofukushishi exam can work under the Kaigo residence status, which lets family join and allows unlimited renewal, according to Japan's Ministry of Health.
Which countries offer caregiver routes for Indonesian workers?
This table summarises the official destination rules we checked on 7 October 2026. Every route must still go through KP2MI, a licensed agency (P3MI) or a company placing its own staff (Law 18/2017 Article 49), and any cost you are charged must be itemised in the placement agreement (Ministerial Regulation P2MI 17/2025).
| Country | Official scheme or permit | Requirements and key notes |
|---|---|---|
| Japan | Specified Skilled Worker (i), nursing care field (介護) | Care skills test, JFT-Basic or JLPT N4, and the care Japanese test. Tests have been held in eight Indonesian cities; there is also the EPA scheme through KP2MI's government-to-government programme |
| Taiwan | Placement through a licensed agency (P3MI) | Check the agency licence and job order on SISKOP2MI. Live-in caregivers are not covered by Taiwan's minimum wage |
| Hong Kong | Employment visa for Foreign Domestic Helper, standard contract ID 407 | At least two years' experience as a domestic helper. Must live in the employer's home; working for anyone else is banned |
| Singapore | Work Permit for migrant domestic worker | Aged 23 to below 50 when applying; at least eight years of formal education. Indonesia is an approved source country |
| Germany | Skilled worker visa, including the care (Pflege) sector | Qualification recognised in Germany before the visa application. Visa applications go through the Auslandsportal |
| United Kingdom | Health and Care Worker visa | Care worker codes only for extending or switching a visa inside the UK. An offer of a UK care worker visa from Indonesia is a warning sign |
Sources: Japan's Immigration Services Agency and health ministry, KP2MI, Focus Taiwan, Hong Kong Immigration Department, Singapore Ministry of Manpower, German Embassy Jakarta and GOV.UK. Pay floors abroad are on each country's route page.
If you or your family are stuck with an illegal agency, have had documents taken or are in danger, contact these official services.
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Ministry for the Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers (KP2MI)
Overseas recruitment, illegal agents and migrant-worker protection
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Police call centre 110
Emergencies and crime reports; formal reports are made at the SPKT of the nearest Polres or Polsek
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SAPA 129 (KemenPPPA)
Violence against women and children, including trafficking
What interview questions might you be asked for caregiver jobs?
Interview questions for caregiver jobs often cover your household, cleaning or care experience, keeping trust and privacy, using cleaning products safely, and what to agree before you start. Each example below comes with why it is asked and how to answer it. The Ministry of Manpower warns that an instant chat interview without formal confirmation is one sign of a fake job.
Republika (official statement via media)
General examples written by KarirAman, not questions from any particular company. How to practise: read the question, answer it out loud, then open the guidance to compare.
Questions for this field
What household, cleaning or care work have you done?
Why they ask: The employer wants to know which tasks you already do well.
How to answer: Name the tasks and equipment you know, for how long and for whom, without exaggerating.
How do you keep the employer's trust about belongings and privacy at home or at work?
Why they ask: This work often happens in other people's private spaces.
How to answer: Explain that you ask before using things, report any damage and never share the employer's private matters.
How do you work safely with cleaning products?
Why they ask: Mixing the wrong chemicals can be dangerous.
How to answer: Mention reading labels, wearing gloves, opening windows and never mixing cleaning products.
What do you do if you are ill or have a family emergency?
Why they ask: The employer needs to know you will tell them and not just disappear.
How to answer: Say you will tell them as early as possible through the agreed channel and help arrange cover when you can.
What should be agreed before you start work?
Why they ask: A clear agreement prevents disputes and exploitation.
How to answer: Get in writing: duties, hours, rest days, pay and pay date, accommodation if you live in, and how either side can end the job. Keep your own KTP and personal documents.
How do you care for an older person or patient who will not eat or refuses help?
Why they ask: Daily care needs patience and respect.
How to answer: Describe staying patient, respecting the person's dignity, trying routines they like and telling the family or nurse about changes.
What would you do in an emergency, such as the person you care for falling?
Why they ask: The right first response can prevent worse injury.
How to answer: Explain that you do not move them if they seem injured, call for help or emergency services at once and inform the family.
Common questions that also come up (12 questions)
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Tell me about yourself.
Answer in about a minute: where you are now in work or study, two experiences that matter for this job, then why you applied. Personal matters such as family status are not needed.
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Why did you apply to this company?
Mention one or two real things you learned from the company's official website, such as its business or services, and link them to your skills.
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Why are you interested in this role?
Pick two tasks from the job advert, describe similar things you have done, and say which part you most want to grow in.
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What are your strengths?
Name one or two strengths and give short proof: the situation, what you did and the result.
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What is your weakness?
Choose a real weakness that is not central to the job, then explain what you are doing to improve it.
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Tell me about a problem at work or school that you solved.
Use the STAR pattern: Situation, Task, Action, Result. Focus on what you yourself did and what you learned.
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How do you work in a team, including when people disagree?
Give a real example of listening, explaining your view politely and finding a solution everyone accepted.
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How do you handle pressure or tight deadlines?
Explain how you set priorities, such as a task list or checking with your supervisor, and give one example of the outcome.
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Where do you see yourself in two or three years?
Mention the skills you want to master and the responsibility you hope to take on, without promising things you cannot know.
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What salary do you expect?
First research the pay range for the role and the local minimum wage where you would work. Give a range, then ask whether the figure is gross or net and which allowances apply.
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When can you start?
Give a realistic date. If you are still employed, mention the notice period in your current contract so you do not break it.
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Do you have any questions for us?
Ask about the contract type, working hours, base pay and allowances, the next selection step and when results are announced. Ask for the offer in writing.
Warning signs in interviews (6)
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The interview happens only by WhatsApp or Telegram chat with no formal invitation, or you are pushed to be interviewed on the spot.
What to do: Ask for a written invitation from a company-domain e-mail address, then match the contact with the official website you look up yourself.
Republika (official statement via media)Kompas TV (official statement via media)detikFinance
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You are asked to pay for a test, a psychological test, a medical check-up, training or a uniform, or to book tickets and a hotel through an appointed agent with a promise of reimbursement.
What to do: Do not transfer anything. The Ministry of Manpower says legitimate recruitment does not charge applicants.
Kompas TV (official statement via media)Republika (official statement via media)Koran Jakarta (official statement via media)PT Bank Central Asia Tbk (BCA)
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The interview is held in a hotel room, a private house or another closed place that is not an office, or the location keeps changing. An invitation to stay overnight, or any sexual demand, as a condition for being hired or for renewing a contract is also a warning sign.
What to do: Ask for the interview at the office or a public place, tell someone close to you where you are, and leave if you feel unsafe. Sexual demands can be reported to the police or the local manpower office (Disnaker). If you are in danger, call the police.
Koran Jakarta (official statement via media)detikBali (detik.com) (official statement via media)Medcom.id (official statement via media)
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You are asked for a photo of your KTP or family card, a selfie holding your ID, your bank account number, an OTP code, a PIN or a password before any written job offer.
What to do: Do not send them. OJK says never to give an OTP, PIN or password to anyone, and identity data can be misused for illegal online loans.
Kompas TV (official statement via media)Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (Sekretariat Satgas PASTI)Koran Jakarta (official statement via media)
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The interview invitation arrives as an app file (APK) or a link that asks you to install an app.
What to do: Do not open it. OJK and Kominfo warn that fake APK files can read SMS messages with OTP codes and then drain bank accounts.
CNN Indonesia (official statement via media)
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After the interview you are asked to hand over your original diploma or other original personal documents as a guarantee for the job.
What to do: Ministry of Manpower Circular M/5/HK.04.00/V/2025 bars employers from requiring or holding original diplomas and personal documents as a guarantee for the job. The only exception is a diploma or competency certificate from education or training paid for by the employer under a written employment agreement, and the employer must keep it safe and compensate you if it is damaged or lost. Otherwise, show them for checking, then take them home.
Dinas Tenaga Kerja Kota Batam (meneruskan SE Menteri Ketenagakerjaan RI)
In danger or held at an interview location? Call the police:
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Police call centre 110
See all interview questions Build an ATS CV Write a cover letter
Which job scams target caregiver applicants?
We rate the scam risk for caregiver vacancies as very high. At home, watch for agencies that cut wages or charge fees, which Law 2/2026 Article 28 has banned since April 2026. For jobs abroad, watch for individual recruiters, costs outside the placement agreement, tourist visas, passports being held and sales of UK care worker visas, a route now closed to applicants from abroad.
Warning signs in caregiver job ads
- A caregiver agency deducts your wages for months or charges you training and placement fees.
- The agency or employer holds your original ID card, diploma or passport, or stops you from contacting people.JDIH BPK RI
- A caregiver job abroad is offered by an individual instead of a licensed agency (P3MI) or KP2MI.Kementerian Hukum RI (peraturan.go.id)
- You are asked to pay costs that are not itemised in the placement agreement, in cash or to a personal account.Kementerian Hukum RI (peraturan.go.id)
- An agent sells UK care worker visas to applicants in Indonesia, although that route is only for people already in the UK.UK Home Office (GOV.UK)
- You are told to travel for work on a tourist or visit visa, although Indonesian migrant workers must hold a work visa.Kementerian Hukum RI (peraturan.go.id)
- In Hong Kong, you are told to also work for people other than the employer named in your contract.Immigration Department, Hong Kong SAR Government
- You are asked to pay a registration or uniform fee before joining a care home or home-care service.Republika (official statement via media)
- How to spot a fake job offer in Indonesia (loker bodong) and tell real from fake
- How to check a licensed overseas recruitment agency (P3MI) on SISKOP2MI
- Placement fees for Indonesian migrant workers: who pays and what is lawful?
- Sent money to a job scammer in Indonesia? Steps for the first hour, day and week
Learn the signs of trafficking through job offers
KarirAman is 100% free. We never ask for money.
For job seekers and employers. We run no ads, sell no data and never ask for any fee. Anyone asking for money in KarirAman's name is a scammer. Our no-fee policy
Where can you find safe caregiver vacancies and how should you apply?
In Indonesia, choose a domestic-worker placement company with business licensing (Law 2/2026 Article 26), or ask for a written employment agreement if you are hired directly. For jobs abroad, check the agency's licence and the job order on SISKOP2MI, register with your own SISKOP2MI account and follow government-to-government programmes on the KP2MI website. Never hand over original documents or pay fees outside official documents.
No verified vacancies for this role yet
We only list vacancies we have checked. In the meantime, look for jobs on these official channels.
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Karirhub (Kemnaker)
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SOE careers directory
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SSCASN (BKN)
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Official overseas job orders on SISKOP2MI
Which careers are similar?
Frequently asked questions
Is a live-in elderly carer in Indonesia a domestic worker?
Yes. Law 2/2026 Article 10 includes looking after children and caring for sick, elderly and disabled people within the scope of domestic work. So a caregiver working for a private household is a domestic worker (PRT). A prospective domestic worker must be at least 18, hold an electronic ID card (KTP) and have a health certificate (Article 5).
Can a placement agency charge caregivers a fee or deduct their wages?
No. Law 2/2026 Article 28(1) bans domestic-worker placement companies (P3RT) from cutting wages or charging any fee for any reason, holding original personal documents and blocking communication. Training costs paid by the agency or the employer may not be passed on to you either (Article 24(2)). Placement companies must hold business licensing (Article 26).
How do Indonesians become caregivers in Japan?
The most open route is the Specified Skilled Worker nursing care field. Japan's Immigration Services Agency requires the care skills test, JFT-Basic or JLPT N4 and the care Japanese test; Japan's health ministry says these tests have been held in Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, Yogyakarta, Medan, Semarang, Denpasar and Manado. Japan also takes Indonesian careworker candidates through the EPA scheme.
Are caregivers in Taiwan covered by the minimum wage?
Not live-in caregivers. Taiwan's official news agency reported in September 2026 that migrant live-in caregivers and domestic helpers are not covered by Taiwan's Labor Standards Act, so minimum wage rises do not apply to them. Read the pay figure in your employment contract and check KarirAman's Taiwan route page.
What are the requirements for domestic work in Hong Kong or Singapore?
Hong Kong requires at least two years' experience as a domestic helper, living in the employer's home, and bans working for anyone else during the contract (Hong Kong Immigration Department). Singapore requires an age of 23 to below 50 when the Work Permit is applied for and at least eight years of formal education, and Indonesia is an approved source country (Singapore Ministry of Manpower).
Can I still become a care worker in the UK?
Not as a new applicant from abroad. The official UK Health and Care Worker visa page lists the care worker and senior care worker occupation codes only for people extending, updating or switching their visa inside the UK. If an agent in Indonesia sells a UK care worker visa, treat it as a scam and report it to KP2MI.
Who wrote and reviewed this page?
Sources
The facts on this page come from these sources. Dates show when we opened them.
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How to cite
KarirAman (2026). Elderly and child caregivers: duties, rights, pay and applying safely. Updated 8 October 2026. https://kariraman.com/en/careers/caregiver/
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CariTalent and PanduanHewan are Kode Nirlaba projects; Panduan Warga and The Cast Index are independent publications with the same founder. CourseToJob is a study-guide site with the same owner, run by Elite Digital AI Solutions Ltd.
Change log
- : Titles and headings now match common searches; added the limits on unlicensed nursing aides and links to domestic worker, midwife, physiotherapist and early childhood teacher roles.